This collection begins with an article by Janusz Wigniewski and Tristan Kingsley in which they discuss the present state of knowledge in the field of politological studies (particularly in the American and British science) in a wide context of social studies especially that of sociology and philosophy. In the 20th century from the philosophy of mathematics, can be distinguished not only definite lines of studies such as, e.g. logicism, constructivism, formalism, structuralism and the like, but also there was an ideological discourse between idealism and materialism.
